Protein phosphatase 5 modulates SMAD3 function in the transforming growth factor‐β pathway

Transforming growth factor β1 modulates amyloid β-induced glial activation through the Smad3-dependent induction of MAPK phosphatase-1.

Chronic neuroinflammation has been proposed as a driving force for Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, neurofibrillary tangles, neuronal loss, and activation of glial cells. Persistent activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway has been reported, which induces an increased expression of inflammato...

Characterization of a novel transcriptionally active domain in the transforming growth factor β-regulated Smad3 protein

Transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) regulates transcriptional responses via activation of cytoplasmic effector proteins termed Smads. Following their phosphorylation by the type I TGFbeta receptor, Smads form oligomers and translocate to the nucleus where they activate the transcription of TGFbeta target genes in cooperation with nuclear cofactors and coactivators. In the present study, w...

Transforming growth factor – signaling through Smad3 in allergy

Smad3 Mediates Transforming Growth Factor- –Induced -Smooth Muscle Actin Expression

Transforming growth factor(TGF)–induced -smooth muscle actin (ASMA) expression is a key indicator of myofibroblast differentiation from fibroblasts. Recent studies suggest that a TGFcontrol element is important in the regulation of the ASMA gene promoter by TGF. In this study, the role of Smad3, a key component of the Smad pathway that mediates TGFsignaling in regulation of ASMA gene expression...

DNA-PKcs function regulated specifically by protein phosphatase 5.

Unrepaired DNA double-strand breaks can lead to apoptosis or tumorigenesis. In mammals double-strand breaks are repaired mainly by nonhomologous end-joining mediated by the DNA-PK complex. The core protein of this complex, DNA-PKcs, is a DNA-dependent serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates protein targets as well as itself. Although the (auto)phosphorylation activity has been shown to be e...